Control mechanism for rocket apparatus



April 2, 1946. R. H. GODDARD CONTROL MECHANISM FOR ROCKET APPARATUS Filed June 23, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Cham/5er *40 April 2, 1946. R. H. GODDARD 2,397,657

CONTROL MECHANISM FOR ROCKET APPARATUS Filed June 23, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 199 208 196 19s 204'191 lll 203 14- 193 60 I 72 zoo; .|91 l Jg? oz 2'09 504 xo I-jgo (47M, f/ 7i @im April 2, 1946. R, H, GODDARD 2,397,657

CONTROL MECHANISM FOR ROCKET APPARATUS Filed June 23, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Z Fue/Molini April 2, 1946. R. H. GODDARD CONTROL MECHANISM FOR ROCKET APPARATUS Filed June 23, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 FULL Paws@ SMP H5' l 338 IMM Pea/' 157.' Gaia/ary,

9AM T April 2, 1946. R. H. GODDARD CONTROL MECHANISM FOR ROCKET APPARATUS Filed June 23, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Apr. 2, 1946 RiobertH. GodMRoswelN.Mexlsllnorof one-half to The Daniel Intl Florence Gm.-

hdm Foundation, New York, N. Y., a corporation oi' New York Application June 23, 1941, Serial No. 399,333

11 claim. (ci. izo-45.6) i

'Ihis invention relates to rockets and rocket craft which are propelled by combustion appa.-i

ratus using liquid iuel and a liquid to support combustion, such as liquid oxygen. Such combastion apparatus isdisclosed in my prior application Serial No. 327,257, illed Apr-i1 l, 1940.

It is the general object of my present invenn to provide control mechanism by which the cessary operative steps and adjustments for svch mechanism will be effected automatically and in predetermined and orderly sequence.

To the attainment oi this object, I provide con trol mechanism which will automatically initiate and sustain flight and which will automatically discontinue lnight in a safe and orderly manner.

My invention further relates to arrangements and combinations oi' parts which will be herematter described and more particma'rly pointed out in the appended claims.

A preferred form 'oi' the invention is shown in the drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of my improved control mechanism as applied to combustion apparatus of the general type shown in my prior application Serial No. 327,257; and

Figs. 2 to 33 inclusive show the detailed construction of numerous specific features of my invention, as follows:

y Fig. 2 is a partial sectional side elevation of a nitrogen valve and bellows operator therefor:

Fig. 3 is a Apartial side elevation of a modiiled nitrogen vaporizing device in the form of a jacket, and with the Jacket partly in section;

Fig. 4 is a partial plan view of the jacket, looking in the direction of the arrow 4 in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged partial sectional side elevation, taken along the line 5-5 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a' sectional side elevation of a special three-way valve and bellows operator therefor:

Fig. 7 is a ysectional side elevation of a valve used with the igniter and of a bellows operator therefor;

Fig. 8 is a sectional side elevation of certain reducing valves used with the gas generator and a bellows operator therefor;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged detail side elevation of a part shown in Fig. 8;

Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view, taken along the line 9-9 in Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a sectional side 'elevation of one of the cam-operated control valves:y

Fig. 11 is a plan view of certain parts thereof. partly in section and looking in the direction of the arrow I l in Fig. 10;

Fig. 12.'is a side elevation of an inner member of the valve shown in Fig. 10;

Fig. 1s is srl-enlarged detau view, looking inA thedirectionofthearrow I3inFig.11;

Fig. 14 is a detail sectional view, taken alon the line M-ll inFlg. 10:-

Fis. 15 is a sectional side elevation of a main engen valve and a nitrogen rinsing valve. together with bellows operators therefor;

l0 Fig. 16 is a sectional elevation of a bellows op- 15 Fig. 17 is a sectional side elevation of a solehold-operated switch:

Fig. 18 is t sectional elevation -of the outlet portion of the igniter and shows a foi-metallic thermal element mounted therein;

90 Fig. 19 is an enlarged sectional plan view,

taken along the line IO-Il inFlg. 18:

Fig. 20 is a side elevation of a circuit-breaking element, with a bellows operator therefor shown in section:

Fig. 21 a a. detail perspective view of certain parts of the circuit-breaker shown in Fig. 20;

Fig. 22 is a sectional side elevation of an oxygen valve and bellows operator therefor;

Fig. 23 is a side elevation, partly in section,

3 of a double bellows eircuit-closing device;

- Fig. 24 is a partial plan view of the control drum. partlyinsection:

Fig. 2 5 is a partial transverse section o f the control drum, taken along the line 25-25 in Fig. 24;-

Fig. 26 is a sectional view of a detachable hose plate. with connections thereto and release mechanism therefor;

Pig. 27 is a partial rear elevation, looking in o the direction of the arrow 2l vin Fig. 26;

5o the direction of the arrow 3| in Fig. 24;

Fig. 32 is a development of tbe contact strips and cam segmentson the surface of the control drum 6I;

Fig. 33 is an enlarged iront elevation of the detachable hose plate also shown in Fig. 26, and

Fig-34 is a detail partial sectional view of a storage tank containing a iloat switch.

Briey described, the rocket apparatus shown in Fig. 1 comprises a combustion chamber 4il-having a nozzle 4i through-which the combustion gases are rearwardly discharged to propel the rocket or rocket craftin which the apparatus is mounted.

Storage tanks 42, 43, and 44 are provided for gasoline, liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen respectively, the nitrogen tank 44 being immersed in the liquid oxygen in the lower part of the ongen tank 43.

" to provide an igniting llame as combustion is about to be started in the combustion chamber 40. Such an igniter is shown in detail in my prior Patent No. 2,090,039.

The present application relates to automatic control of variousdevices and connections through which oxygen and gasoline are fed to the generator 45 and combustion chamber 40 and to the control of other devices to be described.

Brieily stated, my improved control mechanism comprises a drum 60 (Fig. 1) having a series of contact strips Si, S. SP, S. S5 and S and a series of cam segments C1, C. C3 and Ci. The contact strips are insulated from each other but are all connected to a metal shell il (Fig. 25) connected by a brush 62 and wire to a battery T or other suitable source of electric power. More than one contact strip, as Sl or S?, may be provided in spaced relation in a single annular path.

The contact strips Sl to S engage associated contact brushes in a plurality ot electrical circuits, as clearly shown in Fig. l, and the cam segments C1, C. CJ and C* engage and move plungers to render associated three-way valves A1, A. A3 and A* operative. These valves control pressure circuits for bellows operators by which numerous valves and switches are shifted in predetermined sequence, as will be hereinafter described;

The drum $0 is rotated by a motor M through a pinion 64 and gear 65, and the motor M is driven from a battery T' or other suitable source of power, to which it is connected through a switch lever 66 actuated by solenoids 61 and il, the solenoid 68 being. substantially stronger. When the smaller solenoid 61 is energized, the switch 64 is opened. but only if the larger solenoid 68 is inactive, and when the larger solenoid t8 is energized, the switch I6 is closed. whether or not the solenoid 81 is also energized.

The electrical circuits controlled by the strips S1 to Si' function brieiiy as i'ollows:

Strip S1 is in series with the battery T and also with the larger solenoid il which closes. the

switch I8 and starts the drum motor M. S1 co' acts with three control switches in parallel, all of which are ineilective when the circuit through S1 is open.

Strip S acts through the smaller solenoid 61 to stop the motor M, but only i! the larger solenoid 4I is inactive.

Strip Ss controls the activity of the sparkplug 53 in the'igniter 52.

Strip Si controls a motor-starting circuit through the solenoid 68, but only in conjunction with a thermostatic circuit-closer in the igniter 52.

Strip B controls the activity of a sparkplug |01 in the generator 45; and Strip S controls a motor-starting circuit through the larger solenoid 68, but only in conjunction with a circuit-closing device responsive to the pressures in the main oxygen and gasoline feed lines.

The general cycle of operations controlled by the drum ill through the contact strips S1 to Ss and cam segments Cl to C4 will now be described, after which the-more speciilc construction of the numerous special devices included in the control mechanism will be described in detail and with special reference to Figs. 2 to 32 inclusive. The

development of the drum 60 and associated contact strips and cam segments as shown in Fig. 32 will be found helpful in following the sequence of operations as described in the following pages.

In starting position, the contact strips S1 and Si engage their associated brushes. When it is desired to start combustion in the combustion chamber 40, a switch 'I0 (Fig. l) is moved to close a circuit from the batery T through the switch 1l, solenoid 68, contact strip Sl and wire B3 back to the battery T. The solenoid 68 is thus energized, shifting the switch 66 to close the operating circuit between the motor M and the battery T'. The motor M thereupon starts the drum 60-ln rotation.

Friction devices are provided for the solenoid plunger, which hold the switch 66 in either open or closed podtion until positively moved therefrom, the details of this mechanism being shown in Fig. 17 and to be described.

As soon as the drum 60 starts to turn, the contact strip Sz moves out of engagement with its brush to de-energize the solenoid 81, and the cam segment C1 opens the three-way valve A1, the construction of which is shown in detail in Figs. l0 to 14 and will be hereinafter described.

A pipe 12 is connected at one end to each of the control valves A1. A, A3 and A, and at the opposite end is connected through a coil 13 to the nitrogen tank 44. The coil 13 is immersed in the gasoline in the tank 42, which warms the nitrogen sulciently so that any drops in the nitrogen gas will be vaporized in passim through the coil. If the liquid oxygen in the tank 43 is at atmospheric pressure, the vapor pressure of the nitrogen in the tank 44, coil 13 and pipe 12 will be approximately forty-tive pounds.

When the valve A1 is opened by the cam segment C1, nitrogen gas under pressure will iiow through the pipe 14 'and branch pipes 15 and 16 to bellows operators B1 and B2 respectively, which in turn open nitrogen rinsing valves V1 and V. The valve V1, when opened, admits liquid nitrogen from the tank 44 through a iacketed pipe til to the connections between the main oxygen valve V and the chamber 40, and the valve Vz admits nitrogen from the branch Jacketed pipe Il to the oxygen connection to' the generator 4S, thus clearing out any possibly explosive mixture of gases which might have accumulated in said connections. The detailed construction of these rinsing valves and their operating mechanism is shown in detail in Figs. 2 and 15 and will be later described.

The cam segment Cl is short and allows only a small amount of liquid nitrogen to enter the connections o! said owgen valves. and this small amount oi' liquid'nitrogen is quickly 'I'he pipes 80 and Il are jacketedto make certain that liquid rather than gaseous nitrogen enters the rinsing valves Vl and V", as a corresponding l amount of gaseous nitrogen would be insuiiicient to clear the connections. g

This injected nitrogen serves the important purpose of diluting and electing from the combustion chamber 40 and generator 45 any explosive mixture of gasoline and oxygen or gasoline and air which might have been caused by lean fuel valves.

Cam segment C1 then leaves control valve Ax and allows the rinsing valves Vx and W to close. Contact strip Sl also moves fromits brush and opens the circuit of the larger solenoid but the switch 66 is held closed by friction.

As soon as the control valve A1 is allowed to close by yremoval of cam segment C1, -the cam segment C2 opens the control valve A. This admits gas under pressure through the pipe I4 to bellows operators Bl and B which control oawgen and gasoline valves V and V4 respectively inthe igniter 52. The detailed construction of 'one of the bellows operators B3 and B and one igniter 52 is shown in detail in Figs. 18 and 19 and will be later described.

At about the same time that the control valve A is opened by cam segment C. the contact strip coil 8B, the secondary of which has a grounded connection with the sparkplug 53, thus energizing the sparkplug and starting the igniter 52 in operation.

The drum is allowed to turn long enough to make certain that the oxygen and gasoline valves W and V* and the sparkplug 53 in the igniter 52 are all in eilective operation. A second contact strip S2 then closes the circuit through the small solenoid 6l and battery T, thus energizing the small solenoid and opening the switch 66 (the solenoid 68 having been previously deenergized by breaking the contact on the strip S1).

' The drum 60 then remains at rest for a sutilcient length of time to insure that an eiiective ilame ls produced by the igniter 52 and is proiected into the combustion chamber 40.

As the feeding devices used in my apparatus produce an extremely intimate mixture of gasoline and oxygen as soon as the liquids enter the chamber 40, it is desirable that the mixture be ignited as promptly as possible to avoid risk of explosion. For this reason I provide a special construction to scatter or spread the name widely in the interior of the chamber 40, which construction is shown in detail in Figs. 18 and 19.

The outlet of the igniter 52 (Fig. 18) is enlarged as shown at 50 to receive a member 0I having an axial opening 92 (Fig. 19) into which project a plurality ot spiral or inclined vanes 83. A portion oi! the llame passes directly through the center of the openings 02, while other parts oitheamearedectedbythevanes sothat `they are spread or scattered widely in the combustion chamber. The igniter and member S2 are grounded.

A bi-metallic strip $4A is nxed at one end to the outside of the member Si and is disposed in the angular recess between said member and the enlarged end portion oi the igniter 52. When the igniter is cold. the strip 54 contracts so that the tree end of the strip is out of engagement with an insulated contact stud 05 (Fig. i9).

Before the drum 60 was stopped by the strip S. the contact' strip Si had established a partially completed circuit through the large solenoid 68, which circuit is completed when the bimetallic strip 94 expands and engages the contact 05. The solenoid 68 then overcomes the smaller solenoid il and closes the switch 66, again starting the drum 60 when the igniter is completely operative and the flame sunlciently intense.

Contact strip i53 then moves out of engagement and breaks the spark-plug circuit for the igniter 52. as the spark is no longer needed.

The circuit through the strip Sz and small solenoid 61 is then quickly opened, after which the strip B* moves out of contact with its brush, deenergizing solenoid 68 but leaving the drum 60 in rotation.

The "cam segment C3 then opens the control valve A. which allows gas under pressure to ilow through pipes 91 and 98 to a plurality of bellows operators controlling valves and other devices which will now be described.

The pipe 91 (Fig. 1) connects to a bellows op,- erator B5 shown in detail in Fig. 16 and operative tq close a vent valve Vis (Fig. 16e) on the oxygen tank 43. The valve Vs is normally open but is closed by a pull oi' the operator B5. The detailed construction of the operator Bs and valve V5 is shown in Figs. 16 and 16* and will be later described.

'l'he pipe 91 (Fig. l) also connects to bellows operators Bs and B'I effective through cords 99 to release the latches which hold'a felt casing 43a about the lower portion of the oxygen tank. The construction of the bellows operators B'I and IB'I is similar to that of operator B5 and is shown in detail in Fig. 16 (to be described). The vlatches and felt segments which cover the lower part of the oxygen tank 43 are shown in detail in my prior application Serial No. 327,357.

Pressure. in the branch pipe 98 simultaneously actuates a bellows operator Bs to open a valve V by which nitrogen gas at low pressure from a hose |00 is admitted to the tanks 42 and 43 through a pipe I00 and check valves |00 and |00 before the machine is placed in full operation.

The pipe 98 also connects to a bellows operator B by which a valve V is opened to admit high external air pressure from a hose (0| to the turbines 41 and 48 which operate the pumps 49 and 50. The details of one of the operators Bl and B9 and of one of the valves W and V are shown in detail in Fig. 7 (to be described).

The pipe 98 (Fig. l) also has a connection to a bellows operator B1 (Fig. 29) on a detachable hose plate |02, full details of 'which are shown inv Figs. 426 to. 30 and will be later described. For present purposes, it is sumcient to state that when pressure is applied through the pipe 95, the bellows operator B10 acts in such a manner that cerlin Pins holding the hose are nrst unlatched, so that they will be' withdrawn and the plate will be detached as soon as pressure in the Dipe and operator B1 is thereafter discontinued.

A cam segment C* on the drinn t opens the control valve A (Fig. 1) at about the same time that the control valve A3 isopened by cam segment C. The valve Ai is connected through a pipe |04 to bellows operators B11 and Bn which control the main oxygen valve V and the main gasoline valve V"i When the control valve Ai admits pressure to the pipe |04, the normally closed main omen and gasoline valves V and Vn are opened. The construction of one of these operators and valves is shown in Fig. 15 (to be described). 4

Shortly after the main valves V11 and V12 are opened, cam segment C2 allows control valve Az to close, and the gasoline and oxygen feed to the igniter 52 is thereby discontinued. The thermostat device 94 then cools ci! quickly and thereafter the S4 circuit is maintained open.

Pressure in a branch pipe |04* actuates an operator B13 to shift a three-way valve V11 to relieve the nitrogen pressure exerted from the pipe 12 through the connection 12i to the bearings ofthe pumps 49 and 50, and to connect said bearings to the atmosphere.

The details of the three-way valve V11 are shown in Fig. 6 (to be described). bearings, per se, form no part of the present invention and may be constructed as shown in detail in my prior Patent No. 2,281,971, dated May 5. 1942.

Simultaneously with the opening of the control valve A4 by the cam segment C, a co'ntact strip Ss is engaged and energizes the primary of a spark coil |06, the secondary of which is connected to a spark-plug |01 in the gas generator 45.

Pressure in a branch pipe |04'b (Fig. l) additionally actuates a bellows operator Bu to open a valve V1i which allows liquid'nitrogen to flow from the nitrogen tank 44 through a pipe |08 to a coil |09 which surrounds the nozzle 4I and thence through pipes I i0 and |00* to the supply vtanks 42 and 43. The liquid nitrogen is evapoend of a bellows operator B15 which controls valves V15 and V" in the gasoline and oxygen feed lines for the generator 45.

'I'he detailsof construction of the bellows operator Bu and of the valve V15 and V are shown in Fig. 8 and will be hereinafter described, but for the present it is suillcient to state that admission of pressure through the pipe |04* opens the valve V, so that gasoline may now from the gasoline tank 42 through the pipe |20, pump 40, pipe |2|, the valve V, pipe |22 and strainer |23 to the upper end of the generator 45.

At the same time. the pressure in pipe |04* opens the valve V and allows oxygen to ilow from the tank 43 through a pipe |25, pump 50, pipe |26, valve V, pipe |21, valve V2 and pipe |28 to the generator 45, the pipe entering the generator tangentially as shown in Fig. 1. The

valves v and v1' also serve as reducing valves artagr cntrol admission pressures for the genera As the sparkplug |01 has been energized by contact of strip S, the mixture of gasoline and oxygen will be ignited in the generator 45, developing heat and preure and vaporizing excess oxygen gas under pressure, which gas isdelivered to the turbines 41 and 48 through a pipe |30 and thereafter maintains the turbines 41 and 48 and pumps 49 and 50 in operation.

As soonas the parts last described are in etfective operation, a third contact strip S3 makes contact and again energizes the small solenoid 81, opening the switch $6 and stopping the motor M and drum 60 until the pressures in the pumps 40 and 50 hav'e risen to the full working amount. The larger solenoid 55 was previously rendered inactive by breaking the circuit through S.

The pumps 49 and 50 are connected through branchpipes |I| and ||2 (Fig. 1) tobellowsoperators B and B (Fig. 23) respectively and these operators jointly control a switch lever il! having a contact I|4 adapted to engage a ilxed contact IIS. 'lhe lever H3 is grounded and such' engagement completes the circuit through the large solenoid 60 and the contact strip S which is at this time engaged with its associated brush. This starts th'e motor M in further rotation.

The provision of the bellows operators B11 and B for the switch lever IIS insures that the external starting presume will be definitely supplied totheturbines 41 and untilthepressuresin both pumps 49 and 50 and in thegasgenerator 45 are high enough' to permit discontinuance of the starting pressure.

.Further rotation of the drum 50 now removes the cam segment (J3 from engagement with the control valve A. This rotation of the drum 60 also removes the eontactstrip Ss from its associated brush, which opens the main sparkplug circuit, no longer needed. The contact strip Ss then passes out of brush engagement, opening the circuit of solenoid il, and the contact strip Sl and an additional contact strip Sz are then engased. the latter energizing the small solenoid 81, which opens th'e switch 86 and stops the motor. The engagement of S1 is preliminary only.

The drum 60 will now remain stationary, even if the contact with the double bellows operated switch at 5 remains closed, as the strip S' no longer engages its associated brush and the circuit for the larger solenoid 60 through 5 is thus open at S'.

When the control valve A1 is closed by removal of C3, pressure is relieved in the bellows operator B1 for the hose plate |02, thus releasing the hose plate and allowing the same to be disassociated from the rocket craft.

The rocket motor is now under full power and will continue to operate as described in detail in my prior application Serial No. 327,257, until it is stopped manually or by exhaustion of fuel or by some accidental occurrence.

The apparatus may be brought to inoperative condition manually by again momentarily closing the switch 10. This rst energiles the large solenoid i8 through strip B1, previously contacted. Solenoid 60 then overcomes the small solenoid 61 andclosestheswitchi6,thusstartlngthedrum I0 through a small forward movement, during which th'e circuit through contact strip S2 and solenoid i1 is broken by disengagement of S and its brush, and the cam segment C* moves along and allows the control valve A4 to close.

Closing of the control valve A releases pres sure in the pipe |34 and branch pipes |34 and |I4l and this allows the main oxygen valve V11, the main gasoline valveVu and the main nitrogen val close and also allows the three-way valvevto tandadmltpressuretothe pump seals, thereby s ping and sealing' the pumps.

A slight further rotation of the drinn causes a V second cam segment Cl to open the control valve A1 momentarily. thus admitting liquid nitrogen through'therinsingvalvesvlandVtothecombustion chamber 40 and to the generator 45 and thereby extinguishing combustion in the chamber and generator. Cl then leaves A1 and the valves V1 and V close.

The manually controlled switch Hl is now released, if not previously released, rendering solcnoid 6l inactive. The contact strip Sl and its associated brush' remain in preliminary contact. however. so that the drum may be ready for a new cycle of operation.

The initial contact strip S then engages its brush, causing current to pass through the small solenoid 61 and open the switch 66, thus bringing the drum to rest.

A star wheel switch |32 (Figs. 24 and 31) is then opened, preferably by a pin |33 on the end of the drum 60 which engages a part of the star wheel as the drum stops. The details of this switch are shown in Figs. 24 and 31 and will be later described. The control circuit through the solenoid 61 is thus broken but the switch 66 is left open. When the mechanism is again started by closing the hand switch' 10, the pin |33 will advance the star wheel switch |32 to normal closed position.

If one of the fuel tanks becomes substantially empty. a iloat lever in a switch |35 (Fig. 34) will move downward by gravity and cause a pair of normally separated contacts in said switch to engage and close the circuit through the larger cinc construction'of the detail features shown in Figs. 2 to 30 inclusive.-

Fig. 2 is a" sectional elevatlonof the nitrogen rinsing valve Vz and bellows operator B for the oxygen connection to the generator 45. Under normal conditions, oxygen is present in the oxygen supply pipe |21 and in the' generator connection |28 and also in the lower of the valve V below the valve member 440. which valve member is normally pressed upward to closed position by a spring 44|.

When it is desired to rinse the-valve V* and generator connection |28, nitrogen gas from the supply pipe 8| is admitted by depressing the valve member 440. The bellows` operator .'a is provided for this purpose and consists of a bellows member 442 mounted within a casing 443 having a reentrant portion 4 44 to which one end of the pipe 1l is connected. The 'lower end ,of the bellows member 442 is closed by a plate 445 to which is secured a plunger 443, the lower end of which slides freely through a guide-plate 441 in the upper part of the valve V. Whensaid valve W and the connection |23 to the gensolenoid i8 (as above described for th'e hand switch 15) and will bring the apparatus to rest in the same manner as is effected by momentarily closing said hand switch. Such a. float switch is shown and described in my copending application Serial No. 327,257 and the details thereof form no part of my present invention.

In case of accident to the apparatus, the pressure in the combustion chamber 40 will naturally fall olf. allowing a pressure-controlled switch |37 (Fig. 1) to close and bring the drum 60 to rest, the same as occurs when the switch 10 is manually closed. The details of construction of the switch |31 and the bellows operator B1 therefor are sh'own in detail in Figs. 2O and 2l, to be de- If the drum i0 is stopped between its initial and final position, it may be restored to initial position by turning the drum 60 backward by use of the hand wheel |38 (Figs. 1 and 24). Special provision to be described is made to permit shifting the "drum axially during such backward movement, so that the contact strips and cam segments will be out of alignment with their coacting elements during backward movement of the drum. {flhe control circuits through the strips S1 and Si are thus al1 open and the control valves A1 to A* are all closed. The shift is accomplished by mechanism shown in Fig. 24.

Having described the general construction and method of automatic operation of my improved control mechanism. I will now describe the Speerator 4 5.

nitrogen vaporizing device, which may be desirably substituted under some circumstances for the coil |09 (Fig. 1) which surrounds the nozzle 4|.. In the modiiied construction, the liquid nitrogen is vaporized in a Jacket structure made up of box-like Segments |40 (Fig. 4) snugly ntting the outside of the nozzle 4|a (Fig. 3) and secured together by bolts |4| Each segment comprises an inner member |42 and an outer member |43 which is mounted on a cover plate |44'. The adJacent faces of the inner and outer members |42 and 43 are corrugated. as\clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 5, and are spaced apart to provide a curved and recurved passage |45 having enlarged portions |48 and relatively narrow connecting portions |41.

Liquid nitrogen is fed to the jacket space or passage |45V through a pipe |48 near the lower or open end of the nozzle 4| and nitrogen gas is discharged from the jacket through a pipe |43 connected into the jacket space |45 at its upper end.

'I'he provision of the alternating enlarged spaces I4|iand narrow connecting channels |41 causes the partially vaporized nitrogen to travel more rapidly through the narrow portions |41 so that drops of liquid nitrogen are thrown by centrifugal force against the more highly heated corrugated wall of the inner member |42 where they are quickly vaporized. In the enlarged portions |46, the nitrogen travels at reduced speed and with less centrifugal effect, so that the drops are not thrown outward against the cooler corrugated surface of the outer member |43. It will be noted that the curved passages increase in cross section toward the upper end of the jacket. thus providing more space for the increasing amount of nitrogen gas.

This modied construction gives more rapid evaporation and an increased production of nitrogen gas, as compared with the coil |09 shown in Fig. 1.

bellows operator B and three-way valve Vn which control the trogenpressurepipe 12andthcconneciion12l' tothesealingdevicesinthebearingsoithe pumps and. Thevalvevuhasportsior tbepipeuandconnectionsliandathirdport by.which the valve is vented to the atmosphere througliapipe |59. Therotaryvalvemember lli hss'a straightpassage |92 andabranchpassago |89. The valve member |l| is also vprovidedwithanann |84 conneetcdtoaphmger |99 securedtoaplate illmountedattheupperend otua bellows member |91 in the bellows'operator B Aeasing |88 surrolmdsthemember |51 and the pipe |94` from the control-valve A* is connected tothe upper end oi saidcasing |99. A spring |59 normally holds the valve member ISI inthepositionshowninrig.6.withpressure from the pipe 12'l acting through the connections 12|'tosealand lockthepumps.

When the control valve A is opened. pressure is applied in the bellows operator B, depressing the plunger |55 and arm |84 and turning the valve member ISI so that the branch passage |58 is aligned with the connection 12b and so that the lower end of the passage |92 is aligned with the vent opening |89. The upper end oi' the |52isb1ockedoiiandthepressure pipe12isalsoblockedoii. Thepressurein thepumpbearingsandsealsisthus relievedas the pumps are placed in operation through the action of the control valve A.

Fig. 'I shows the detail structure ot. the bellows operator B' and valve V* which control admission or nitrogen gas at low pressure to the supply tanks 42 and 49 before the machine is placed in full operation. The valve V' has a valve member |69 which controls the flow o! nitrogen from the supply pipe or hose connection |99 to the pipe |99l which connects to the supply tanks 42 and 48 shown in Fig. 1. The valve member |99 is mounted at the end ot a pllmger |9| supported on a plate |92 forming the inner end of a bellows member |69. A spring |64 normally holds the valve member |99 in raised position andthe valvevclosed.

The bellows member |69 forms a part oi the bellows operator B and is mounted in a casing |95 to which is connected the pressure pipe 98 controlled by the valve A1. A bellows packing |99 is interposed between the valve V' and operator B' to prevent leakage. When the control valve Al is opened to admit pressure to the pipe 98, the valve member |59 is depressed and low pressure nitrogen gas from the pipe |99 is admitted through the valves |99 and |99tothesunnlytanks42 and 43.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the reducing valves V and V" which control the iiow ot gasoline and omen respectively to the generator 49, together with a bellows operator B therefor.

The valve V comprises a casing |29 having the gasoline supply pipe |2| connected to its lower end and the gasoline generator connection |22 connected above a partition |19 providing a seat tor a valve member |1|, which is normally held closed by pressure in thepipe |2I. Aplunger |12 has a pin and slot connection (Fig. 8) at its upper end to a lever |19 and has its lower end secured in a movable guide-plate |14. A spring |15 tends to move the plunger downward and a bellows packing |19 seals the opening through which the plunger extends upward to the lever |19.

The valve V is oi a construction identical withthevalvevandis connectedatitslower pipe |90* (Fig. 1) and check- 75 vents the pipes asomar endtotheoxygensubplypipe |2landatits side to the oxygen generator reed pipe |21. The plunger in the valve v is connected to a lever |11 corresponding The tree endsmi the levers |19 and |11 cross and have a slotted connection by a pin |18 (Fig. 9) to an outer yoke |19 and an inner yoke |89. A spring |8| is connected at its`lower end. to the inner yoke |89 and at its upper end to a fixed element lll. The outer yoke |19 is connected by arod |82tothelowerclosedendotacylinder |83 forming part of the bellows operator B.

The cylinder |89 is located within thecasing |84 ot the bellows operator i3i and is connected to said casing by a larger outer bellows member |98 and by a smaller inner bellows member |99. The Pressure pipe lillh from the control valve A* is connected to the upper end oi the casing |84.

When the control valve A* is closed and the pipe |94 is vented, the spring |9| acts through the levers |13 and |11 to raise the plungers |12 in the valves V and V1" against the springs |15 and to allow the valve members |1| to be closed by thepressures in the pipes |2| and |29 and also by springs |88.

When the control valve A* is opened, pressure in the pipe ||I4h will fo'rce the inner cylinder |98 of the operator B downward, moving the slotted levers |13 and |11 downward away irom the uppexl ends ofA the plungers |12 and thus leaving the plungers under the control oi the regulating springs |15. The plungers will then move downward, opening the valves V and V and holding the valves open |22 or |21 overcomes the |15 and force the associated plunger thus allowing the valve to close.

Regulated reduced pressure is thus maintained in. the pipes |22 and |21 under control of the springs |15 as long as the control valve A* is open. As soon as the control valve A* closes, the spring |8| overcomes the springs |15 and holds the plungers |12 raised so that the valve members |1| will close.

In Figs. 10 to 14 I have shown the construction oi the control valve A1, which is identical with the construction oi the valves A, As and A.

The pressure supply pipe 12 is connected to a ilxed inner easing |99 on which a cylindrical outer easing or sleeve |9| is slidable. A ball valve |92 is normally held in closed position by a spring |93 and prevents ilow o! gas under pressure to the control pipe 14. The outer sleeve |9| is provided at its rear end with a cam roll |94 adapted to be engaged by a cam segment Cl on the drum 69. A fixed guide-roll |95 oiisets the side thrust oi the cam segment C1 on such engagement and facilitates sliding movement oi the sleeve |9|.

The iixed cylinder |99 has a longitudinally separated inner chamber |96 supported by a branch vent pipe |91 which connectsinto the control pipe 14. The chamber |99 has a vent closed by a ball valve |98 actuated by a spring |99. When the valve |99 is 'opemthepipes 14 and |91 areventedtotheatmosphere through slots 299 in the outer sleeve A stud 29| (Fig. 1l) is 'mounted on a crosspin 292 carried by the outer sleeve |9|. When the roll |94 is not engaged by a cam segment C. the pin 29| 4engages the ball vent valve |98 and 14 and |91, but when the roll is corresponding spring |12 upward,

tothe lever |19 previously de until the pressureinthe pipe.

engagedbyaeamaegment. thepin 20| moves to therightinFiZ. landtheventvalve closes. The second pin 203 (Fig. 11) is moxmted in a dmc/'2u which 1s perforated as indicated at :as (Fig. 13) and which is supportedon a cross-pin 2,66, also secured in the outer sleeve |0| and movable axially in slots 201 in a reduced extension 200 of the ilxed inner casing |80. Bellows packings 208 and 2|0 connect the dise 204 ateach side totheilxedinnercasing |00,andthepressureat the opposite sides of the disc are equalized through. the peri'orations 205.

With this construction, a small movement of the outer sleeve |8| to the right by engagement with a thin cam segment. as C1, will open the ball pressure valve |02 and admit pressure to the control pipe 14, and will simultaneously permit the balll vent valve |80 to close the branch or vent pipe |91. When the cam segment C1 thereafter leaves the roll |84, the outer sleeve ISI is moved,` to the left by the spring |83 (Fig. 10) which is larger and stronger than the spring |99, the pressure valve |82 closes and the vent valve |06 will be opened to vent the pipes 14 and |81.

In Fig. 15 I have shown the detailed structure of the main oxygen valve V11 and the bellows operator B11 therefor and also the nitrogen rinsing valve V1 and the bellows operator B1 therefor.

The main orLvgen valve V11 comprises a chamber 220 having an open connection 22| to the combustion chamber 40. The oxygen supply pipe |26 extends inward and upward within the chamber 220 and the upper inner end of the pipe |26 is normally closed by a valve member 222, mounted on the lower end' of a rod 223. The upperendoftherod223isconnectedtothe closed upper end of an inner cylinder 224, mounted within the fixed outer casing 225 of the bellows operator B11 and connected thereto by a bellows member 226. A spring 221 normally forced the cylinder 224, rod 223 and valve member 222 downward to close the supply pipe |26. The lower part of the rod 223 is loosely slidable through a guide-plate 228. The reduced lower end of the bellows operator B11 is connected to the upper end of the inner cylinder 224 by a bellows packing sleeve 229.

'I'he `control pipe |04 from the control valve A4 connects to the outer casing 225 of the bellows operator B11. through the pipe |04, the inner cylinder 224 is forced upward against the spring 221, thus opening the valve member 222 and admitting oxygen to the combustion chamber 40. When the control pipe |04 is vented, the spring 221 promptly closes the oxygen supply pipe |26. It will be noted that the direction of opening of the valve member 222 is such that pump pressure in |26 will tend to open, rather than to close, this valve.

The nitrogen rinsing valve V1 (Fig. l5) comprises a' lower chamber 230 connected by a branch pipe 23| to the outlet 22| of the oxygen valve V11. The valve V1 also comprises an upper chamber 232 to which the nitrogen supply pipe l0 is connected. A valve 233 between the chambers 230 and 232 is normally closed by a spring 234 which is strong enough to overcome the nitro gen pressure in the pipe 80.

,A plunger 235 is connected at its upper end to a plate 236 which closes the lower end of a bellows member 231 in the bellows operator B1.

which operator has a xed outer casing 238 to which the upper end of the bellows member 231 When pressure is applied.

is secured. A spring 238 is introduced between the plate 236 and a shoulder of the nxed casing 230 and normally lifts the plunger 235 away from the valve member 233. k

The pressure or control pipe.15 from the control valve A1 is connected to the space inside of the bellows member 231 through an inwardly depressed portion of the upper end of the casing 238 of the bellows operator B1. When pressure is admitted through the.pipe 15, the bellows operator B1 overcomes the spring 230 and opens the nitrogen valve V1 to admit: nitrogen to the engen valve V11'and its connection to the combustion chamber 40, thus rinsing these parts Awith nitrogen andejecting any explosive mixture of gases therefrom. A bellows seal 240 connects the plate 236 to the upper end of the casing of the valve V1 to prevent leakage of nitrogen around the plunger 235,

In Figs. 16 and 16, I have shown details of construction of the automatic vent valve V for the oxygen tank 43 and of the bellows operator Bs therefor. The vent valve V has a connection 242 to the tank 43 and a vent 243 to the atmosphere. The valve V1 also comprises a rotary member 244 having a diametral passage 245 therethrough and having a lug 246 movable between xed stops 241. An arm 248 on the rotary member 244 is connected to a spring 248 by which it is held normally in the vented position shown in Fig. 16".

The arm 248 is connected by a cord 250 to a rod 25| (Fig. 16), the opposite end of which is connected to the closed end of an inner cylinder 252, mounted in spaced relation within the tlxed casing 253 of the bellows operator B1. A bellows sleeve 254 connects the cylinder 252 to the casing 253 and a spring 255 normally holds the parts in the position shown in Fig. 16.

'Ihe pressure or control pipe 91 from the control valve A1 connects into the end of the casing 253 of the bellows operator B. When pressure is applied through the pipe 81, the bellows operator swings the arm 248 (Fig. 16") to the left. thus closing the vent of the oxygen tank 43, which is thereafter maintained closed so long as the control valve .1l3 is operative.

In Fig. 17 I have shown the detailed construction of the solenoid control of the switch 66. The switch 66 comprises a metal plate 260 insulated from the switch lever 26| and 'adapted to close the circuit between the wire 262 from the battery T' and the wire 263 connected to the motor M.

The switch lever 26| has a pin and slot connection to a plunger 264 slidable in the small solenoid coil 61 and in the large solenoid coil 68, both previously described, the solenoid 68 being strong enough to move the lever 66 against the force of the solenoid 6l.

The solenoid 66 acts to move the plunger to the right in Fig. 17 and to close the switch 66. while the solenoid 61 acts to open the switch if the solenoid 68 is not energized. Friction material, such as felt discs 265, are provided to retain the plunger 264 in either position to which it is shifted after a solenoid circuit has been broken, so thai;v the switch, if closed, will remain closed until the solenoid 61 is energized and, ifopen. will remain open until the solenoid 68 is enersized.

Figs. 18 and 19 relate to the construction of the igniter 52 for the combustion chamber 40 and have previously been fully described.

Figs. 20 and 21 show the detailed construction of the control switch |31 and the bellows operator B" by which the motor is stopped on substantial fall of pressure in the combustion cham- 4 ing switch 19. The contact strip is normally positioned` midway between 'a contact stud 21| through which the solenoid circuit is completed and a stop pin 212. The outer end of the strip |31 is positioned for engagement by the laterally projecting hooked upper 'end 213 of a at md 214, actuatedby the bellows operator B1.

This bellows operator comprises a fixed outer casing 215 connected by a pipe 219 to the combustion chamber 49 -(liig. 1) and contains 'a bellows member 211 ilxed to the upper end plate 218 of the casing 215. A plate 219 at the lower end of the bellows member 211 is connected to the lower end of the flat bar 214. which bar extends upward through a perforated guide-plate 239 in the upper end 218 of the casing 215. A compression spring 28| holds the parts in the position shown in full lines in Fig. 20 when there is no pressure in the combustion chamber 44.

As the pressure in the combustion chamber 40 and also in the bellows operator B1 rises to operative value, the bellows member 211 is compressed and the lateral projection or hook 213 of the at rod 214 forces the contact strip |35 upwardagainst the stop 212 and then slips upward past the end of the strip to the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 20.

If the pressure in the combustion chamber 4c falls substantially, due to failure of fuel supply or to failure of any part of the apparatus to function as intended, the pressure in the bellows operator I9 will decrease and the spring 28| will force the bar 214 and hook 213 downward, moving the contact strip |35 into engagement with the stud 21| and thus completing a circuit through the solenoid to start the motor M and initiate the successive operations necessary to bring the apparatus to rest, all as previously described. n

It is not desirable that the circuit through the switch |35 remain closed as the apparatus stops and the pressure in the combustion chamber approaches atmospheric. Accordingly I provide the ilat rod 214 with a guide-pin 283 movable in a slot 284 in a fixed guide-plate 285 (Fig. 2l). The lower end of the slot 284 is curved outward, as indicated at 289, so that the hook 213 is moved to the leftin Fig. to clear the end of the strip as the hook approaches its normal inoperative or lower position.

In Fig. 22 I have shown certain details of the bellows operator BJ which actuates the main valve VJ by which oxygen is admitted to the lgniter 52 from a supply pipe 290 which extends to the oxygen tank 43.

The valve V3 comprises a casing 29| forming an upward extension of the igniter4 52 and having a valve member 292 movable upward toclo a port in the partition 293 which separates the valve VJ from the igniter 52. The valvemember 292 is actuated by a rod 295 extending upward into the bellows operator 1%:I and connected to a plate 296 forming the upper end of a bellows member 291. This bellows member is mounted in a casing 298 which is connected to the control spring 293 holds the valve 292 normally closed. and a bellows sleeveb 309. prevents leakage from the casing 29| around the valve-rod 295.

When the control valve A admits pressure through the pipe 84, the rod 295 andvalve member 292 are depressed, thus admitting ozavgen to the igniter 52.

The'construction of the bellows operator B* and valve `V which control the flow of gasoline from the pipe 202 to the igniter is substantially the sameas that ot the operator 13s and valve Vs above described.

In Fis. 23 I have shown the details ot construction of the double bellows contact maker which insures that external starting pressure will be supplied to the turbines 41 and 43.until the desired operating'pressures are attained in the supply pipes and |12 to which gasoline and oxygen respectively are delivered by the pumps 49 and 59.

'Ihis doublebellows contact maker comprises duplicate bellows operators B11 -and B1' (Fig. 23) respectively connected at their lower ends to the gasoline supply pipe and ungen supply pipe ||2. Each operator Bl" or B1l comprises a bellows member 3||| having 4a ilxed lower end plate 3|| and also having a movable upper end plate 3|2 pivoted to one end of the contact lever ||3 previously described. A tension spring 3|4 in each operator tends to contract the bellows operator in which it is mounted. A guide-rod 3|5 is loosely pivoted to the center of the lever ||3 and is guided for limited vertical movement in a ilxed casing 3|5.

' When both operators B" and B1' are expanded to correspond to predetermined pressures in the pipes and 2, the movable contact-H4 will engage the xed contact ||5 and complete a circuit through the large solenoid 58 and contact strip S, thereby starting the motor M andthus permitting closing of the control valve A. all as previously described.

In Figs. 24 and 25. I have shown details of con-l struction of the controlV drum $0 and certain associated parts. The drum 59 is rotated by the motor M through the pinion and gear 65 as previously described,v and comprises an inner cylinder 6U on which the cam segments C1 to C* are mounted, and a metal cylindrical shell 5| to which the contact strips S1 to Ss are connected. A sleeve 329 of insulating material separates the drum or cylinder 88 from the shell 6|, and the contact strips S1 are mounted outside of an insulating sleeve 32| but are each electrically connected to the shell 6|. The metal sleeve 6| extends beyond the insulating material 32| at one end to provide contact surface for the brush 62 which is connected through the wire 53 to the battery T. f

The switch |32 previously mentioned comprises a star wheel |32 (Fig. 24) pivoted on a fixed support 323'and engaged by the pin |33 once in each revolution of the drum 69. I'he star wheel is interposed in the circuit which controls the smaller solenoid 51 which opens the switch 56, and one finger of the star wheel normally.

engages a xed spring contact 324 to close the circuit at the switch 32.

The star wheel |32 is engaged by the pin |33 just before the drum completes a revolution and is thus moved ot! of the contact 324, thus breakvalve Aa by the pipe 34 previously described. A 7| ing the circuit of the solenoid 61 and leaving the switchttclosed. Assoonasthedrumisstarted for another operation, the pin 33 advances the star wheel to engage the contact 324 and leaves these parts in operative engagement until another revolution of the drum is completed.

It is desirable to prevent the cam segments and contact strips on the drum 60 from completing circuits or operating valves during a backward or resetting movement of the drum 60. For this purpose. the drum 60 (Fig. 224) and hand wheel |38 are frictionaily driven from the drum shaft, so that the drum will ordinarily turn with the shaft but may be turned relative to the shaft by the hand wheel |30 for resetting.

The drum 60 is also recessed in one end, as shown at 326 in Fig. 24, to receive a compression spring 321. A collar 328 is fixed to the drum shaft to abut thespring 321. and a second collar 323 denes tl'ie normal axial position of the drum. The engaging surfaces of the hand wheel |38 and the collar 323 provide sumcient friction to cause the drum 60 to turn normally with the drum shaft. r

When resetting the drum, the operator first grasps the hand wheel |38 and shifts the drum axially against the spring 321 far enough so that the contact strips S1 to Se and the cam segments C1 to C* will be out of alignment with their associated brushes and valve actuator rolls. The drum can then be turned back to initial starting position. When released, the spring 321 will restore the drum to normal axial operating position. Resetting from any position between the initial and final positions of the drum D is accomplished in the same manner as resetting from the final position.

In Figs. 2'? to 30 and 33, I have shown the detachable hose plate I 02 and automatically operated detachable connections therefor. The plate |02 is provided with two pairs of oppositely disposed levers 330 having' hook-shaped ends normally engaging pins 33| fixed in an associated plate 332 carried by the rocket apparatus.

The adjacent ends oi' the levers 330 (Fig. 28)

' are held in operative position by pins 333 slidable in bearings 334 (Fig. 27) on the back of the plate |02 and normally projecting through slots in the adjacent ends of the levers 330. The pins 333 are projected outward to locking position by bellows members 336 (Fig. 29) connected to the pressure pipe 98 controlled by the valve A. A pair of levers 330 is provided at each side of the hose plate |02.

When the hose plate is attached, the pins 333 are forced manually outward against the resistance of compression springs 331 (Fig. 29), and frictionally held latches 338 are moved` manually into notches 330 (Fig. 30) in the pins 333. These notches are beveled toward their inner or adjacent ends, as shown.

The latches 338 hold the plate |02 locked on the apparatus until pressure is applied through the pipe 98 to the bellows members 336. when the pins 333 are forced outward enough to cam the latches 338 out of their holding positions. The plate |02 will thereafter remain locked on the apparatus until pressure is relieved by closing the valve A3 and venting the pipe 38, whereupon the pins will be movedinward b.v the springs 331 and the levers 330 will be released. The plate |02 is then quickly detached from the supporting plate 332 (Fig. 26) by compression springs 340 which engage the adjacent surface of the Plate 332.

Check valves 34| in the pipes |00 and I0| prevent escape of air or gas when the hose connections |00 and |0| are detached. The pipe 98 has a similar detachable connection to the bellows operator Bm but has no check valve.

Having described the method of operation of my improved control mechanism and also the details of construction of the special valves and devices used in said mechanism. it is lbelieved that the advantages of my invention will be clearly apparent.

By the use of this control' mechanism, the rocket apparatus may be started by momentary manual closing of the switch 10 and, without further attention by the operator, the control mechanism will then automatically perform the necessary sequence of predetermined steps to place the apparatus in'full operation and will thereafter close down the apparatus, also in a sequence of predetermined steps, on exhaustion of fuel or oxygen supply, or on a substantial drop in pressure in the combustion chamber, due to failure of'any part of the apparatus to function as designed. The provision of such control mechanism greatly facilitates the operation of rocket apparatus in successful flight, where no manual control is possible.

Where the terms gasoline and liquid oxygen" are used in the specification and also in the claims. it is to be understood that these terms include other liquid fuels and other oxidizing agents which are liquid at similar low temperatures.

Having thus described my invention and the advantages thereof, I do not wish to be limited to the details herein disclosed, otherwise than as set forth in the claims, but what I claim is:

1. In a rocket apparatus, 'a combustion chamber, means to feed gasoline and liquid oxygen thereto. valves and connections controlling the feed of said liquids to said chamber. a supply of a very cold non-oxidizing and non-combustible liquid having a very low boiling point. and means to admit a small portion of said latter liquid to the discharge side of the oxygen valve and to its discharge connection, said liquid thereupon quickly changing to a large volume of inert gas effective to thoroughly rinse the discharge side of said valve and its discharge connection and to remove explosive gaseous mixtures therefrom.

2. In a rocket apparatus, a combustion charnber, means to feed gasoline and liquid oxygen thereto, valves and connections controlling the feed of said liquids to said chamber, a supply of liquid nitrogen. and means to admit a small portion of said liquid nitrogen to the discharge side of the oxygen valve and to its discharge connection, which liquid nitrogen thereafter quickly provides a large volume of inert gas effective to thoroughly rinse the discharge side of said oxygen valve and its discharge connection and to remove explosive gaseous mixtures therefrom.

3. In a rocket apparatus, a combustion chamber, a valve for liquid oxygen, a nitrogen valve associated therewith and connected to the discharge side of said oxygen valve. automatic means to open and again close said nitrogen valve and to thereafter open said oxygen valve immediately prior to establishment of combustion in said combustion chamber, and timing mechanism effectvie to render said automatic means operative at predetermined successive intervals.

4. In a rocket apparatus, a valve for liquid oxygen, a nitrogen valve associated therewith and connected to the discharge side of said oxygen valve. automatic means to open and again close said nitrogen valve immediately following the I termination of combustion in said combustion chamber. thereby rinsing said valve and discharge connection, and timing mechanism eifective to render said automatic means operative at predetermined successive intervals.

5. In a rocket apparatus. a combustion chamber. an igniter.- storage tanks for gasoline and liquid oxygen. means to feed gasoline and liquid oxygen from said tanks to said chamber and to 2,897,657 valves as said drum rotates. means to rotate ma said igniter. a pair of valves controlling the feed -of said liquids to said igniter, an additional pair of valves controlling the feed of said liquids to said combustion chamber. a plurality of control devices effective to render said igniter operative and to automatically actuate said separate pairs l5 of valves successively and in predetermined sequence. and timing means effective to render said control devices operative at predetermined successive intervals. said timing means comprising a control drum making one full revolution for each complete control cycle and returning to initial podtion at the end of each cycle and being thereby instantly available to repeat said control cycle.

6. In a rocket apparatus, a combustion chamg5 ber, an igniter. an entrance passage connecting said igniter to said chamber. means to feed gasoline and liquid oxygen to said chamber and to said igniter, valves controlling the feed of said liquids to said chamber, control devices effective to automatically open said combustion chamber valves in predetermined sequence, and a thermostatic device located at said entrance passage and effective to render said control devices operative only after the production of a substantial ignit- 35 ing flame in said combustion chamber by said igniter.

7. In a rocket apparatus, combustion chamber, an igniter, means to feed gasoline and liquid controlling the feed of said liquids,A a control drum. a series of control valves, pressure connections through which said latter valves selectively control the operation of said gasoline and lozwgen to said chamber and to said igniter, valves liquid oxygen feed valves, devices .on said drum which directly actuate said control valves as said drum rotates, means to rotate said drum, and means to interrupt such rotation for definite periods and to thereby determine the length of successive operative steps in the starting up of 5 said rocket apparatus.

`8. In a rocket apparatus, a combustion chamber. an igniter. means to feed gasoline and liquid oxygen to said chamber and to said igniter, valves controlling the feed cf said liquids, a control 5 control valves as said drum rotates, means to e rotate said drum. and means to automatically y and successively stop and start said drum after an initial operative movement and on the 0ccurrence of predetermined pressure and temdrum, and means to start and stop said drum on the occurrence of predetermined conditions, said latter means including an electric motor and means to start said motor manually or on failure of the gasoline or oxygen supply or on substantial drop in pressure in the combustion chamber.

10. In a rocket apparatus. a combustion `chamber, an igniter, an entrance passage connecting said igniter to said chamber, means to feed gasoline and liquid omen to said chamber and to said igniter, valves controlling the feed of said liquids, a source of electricity and electrical circuits through which the combustible mixtures in said chamber and igniter are ignited, control devices eifective to automatically actuate said valves and to close said circuits in predetermined sequence and in part dependent' on the attainment of a predetermined temperature condition at the entrance passage to said combustion chamber. and a thermostatic device located at said entrance passage and effective to render said control devices operative on the attainment of said predetermined temperature condition. l

11. In a rocket apparatus, a combustion chamber, an igniter. means to feed gasoline and liquid oxygen to said chamber and to said igniter. valves controlling the feed of said liquids. and control devices effective to automatically actuate said valves in predetermined sequence to put said rocket apparatus in operation and to thereafter close down said apparatus on failure of gasoline or oxygen supply.

12. In a rocket apparatus, a combustion chamberran igniter, means to feed gasoline and liquid oxygen to said chamber and to said igniter. valves controlling the feed of said liquids. and control devices effective to automatically actuate said valves in predetermined sequence to .start said rocket apparatus in operation and to thereafter close down said apparatus on substantial drop in pressure in said combustion chamber.

13. In a rocket apparatus. a combustion chamber. pumps to feed gasoline and liquid oxygen to said chamber, turbines to drive said pumps. a generator to provide a gas under pressure to drive said turbines, valves to control the flow of gasoline and liquid oxygen to said combustion chamber and to said generator, means to ignite a mixture of said gasoline and oxygen in said combustion chamber and in said generator, control device eil'ective to automatically actuate said valves to energize said igniting means and to initiate operation of said generator, turbines and 5 pumps, operation of said igniter. initial operation oi' said generator. turbines and pumps, and ignition and further operation of said generator taking place in the order stated but only on the occurrence of predetermined conditions of tem- 0 perature and pressure, and means to determine perature conditions and to thereby determine the ber. a gasoline pump. a pump for liquid oxygen.

length of successive operative steps in the startvoperation of said apparatus. devices on said drum which selectively open and close said control said temperature and pressure conditions and effective to render said control devices operative or inoperative in accordance with such determination.

14. In a rocket apparatus, a combustion chamturbines for said pumps. an external pressure lSupply for said turbines, a generator to supply 15. In a rocket apparatus having a combustion chamber and having a plurality of pressureoperated devices and external pressure supplies therefor, in combination, a hose plaie to which said external supplies are separately connected. means to latch said plate .on said amaratus. automatic means to unlatch said plate, and means responsive to the pressure in said pressureoperated devices and eii'ective to render said unlatching means operative only after said pressures attain a predetermined minimum.

16. In a rocket apparatus having a combustion chamber and having a plurality of pressureoperated devices and external pressure supplies therefor. in combination, a hose plate to which said external supplies are separately connected. means to latch said plate on said apparatus, locking pins for said latches, i'rictionally positioned holding devices for said locking pins. iluidoperated means associated with said pins and 20 eiiective to move said pins in one direction to release said holding devices on the occurrence oi' a rise in pressure coincident with starting said apparatus in operation, and additional means associated with said pins and thereafter effective to move said pins in the opposite direction to unlock said latches and to release said hose plate on the occurrence of a fall in pressure subsequent to putting said apparatus in full operation.

17. In a rocket apparatus, a control drum. a motor to drive said drum. a switch to start and stop said motor. a solenoid to open said switch, a second and stronger solenoid to close said switch. said first solenoid being eiIective' to open said switch only when said second solenoid is inoperative but said second solenoid being eiective to close said switch whether said rst solenoid. is operative or inoperative. and friction means to hold saidswitch from shifting movement when neither solenoid is operative.

' ROBERT H. GODDARD. 

